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Bullshit Jobs: The Rise of Pointless Work, and What We Can Do About It Paperback – February 7, 2019
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- Print length359 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherALLEN LANE
- Publication dateFebruary 7, 2019
- Dimensions0.76 x 5.43 x 8.5 inches
- ISBN-100141983477
- ISBN-13978-0141983479
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From the Publisher


37% people in the UK believe their jobs don't make a meaningful contribution to the world
There is something very wrong with what we have made ourselves.
We have become a civilisation based on work—not even “productive work” but work as an end and meaning in itself. We have come to believe that men and women who do not work harder than they wish at jobs they do not particularly enjoy are bad people unworthy of love, care, or assistance from their communities. The main political reaction to our awareness that half the time we are engaged in utterly meaningless or even counterproductive activities is to rankle with resentment over the fact there might be others out there who are not in the same trap. As a result, hatred, resentment, and suspicion have become the glue that holds society together.
This is a disastrous state of affairs. I wish it to end. If this book can in any way contribute to that end, it will have been worth writing.'
Product details
- Publisher : ALLEN LANE (February 7, 2019)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 359 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0141983477
- ISBN-13 : 978-0141983479
- Item Weight : 9.2 ounces
- Dimensions : 0.76 x 5.43 x 8.5 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #448,175 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

David Rolfe Graeber (/ˈɡreɪbər/; born 12 February 1961) is a London-based anthropologist and anarchist activist, perhaps best known for his 2011 volume Debt: The First 5000 Years. He is Professor of Anthropology at the London School of Economics.
As an assistant professor and associate professor of anthropology at Yale from 1998–2007 he specialised in theories of value and social theory. The university's decision not to rehire him when he would otherwise have become eligible for tenure sparked an academic controversy, and a petition with more than 4,500 signatures. He went on to become, from 2007–13, Reader in Social Anthropology at Goldsmiths, University of London.
His activism includes protests against the 3rd Summit of the Americas in Quebec City in 2001, and the 2002 World Economic Forum in New York City. Graeber was a leading figure in the Occupy Wall Street movement, and is sometimes credited with having coined the slogan, "We are the 99 percent".
Bio from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Photo by David Graeber Edited by czar [CC BY-SA 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)], via Wikimedia Commons.
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Customers find the book intriguing and relevant. They describe it as a great read with interesting information and a valid concept. The humor is described as funny and entertaining. Readers find the book authentic and eye-opening. However, some feel the writing quality is poor and the prose repetitive.
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Customers find the book thought-provoking and engaging. They say it opens up new perspectives and provides great insights into what they already intuitively know. The topics are important and worthy of discussion, and readers appreciate the carefully selected anecdotes that help frame the issues. Overall, they enjoy the main message and find the book to be interesting and worth reading.
"...our clownish & brutal world of modern employment w/ a joyful combination of calibrated insight & trenchant wit that fellow conceptual artists as..." Read more
"...his theory while ignoring other topics, still rings true and opens up a new mindset." Read more
"...Bottom line: the book is very thought-provoking (which is its purpose) but the subject is so important that we need to hear more." Read more
"...This book does raise some interesting questions and it does get you thinking about the usefulness of employment...." Read more
Customers find the book interesting and engaging. They appreciate the valid concept and insights. However, some readers feel the logic and argumentation are weak.
"...I have issues with this book, but it is still an interesting enough read to recommend." Read more
"...This book is brilliant...." Read more
"...Plus Graeber's style is so readable and interesting. There has to be a better way to organize all of our time than our current work structure...." Read more
"Funny, sharp, and insightful. A great book about how late capitalism has collapsed in on itself into something darker, weirder, and more ancient...." Read more
Customers enjoy the humor in the book. They find it humorous and lighthearted, with insightful insights. The book is described as a true pleasure and an engaging story about how we fail to organize ourselves.
"...In a kindred shocking way, David Graeber’s immensely thrilling book , ‘Bull Shit Jobs’ swiftly yanks the curtain off our clownish & brutal world of..." Read more
"...We as a society can do better. Graeber calls this out in a humorous book with carefully-selected anecdotes to help frame the issues--he tackles a..." Read more
"Funny, sharp, and insightful. A great book about how late capitalism has collapsed in on itself into something darker, weirder, and more ancient...." Read more
"...Especially funny yet troubling is his depiction of how much meaningless drudgery people need to tolerate just to stroke the egos of corporations..." Read more
Customers appreciate the book's authenticity. They say it feels true and opens up a new mindset.
"...focus on what supports his theory while ignoring other topics, still rings true and opens up a new mindset." Read more
"This book feels so true...." Read more
"So True!..." Read more
Customers find the book insightful and well-received.
"...Overall, David Graeber's depiction of our economy is clear-sighted and on the mark...." Read more
"...and an eye opener. Cracks open what are surely the essential conversations for organizing ourselves in the 21st century...." Read more
"Eye opening and original..." Read more
Customers find the writing quality poor. They say the author makes too many generalizations and assumptions, with weak logic and argumentation. The prose gets overly dramatic at times, making it difficult to read.
"...book is very thought-provoking (which is its purpose) but the subject is so important that we need to hear more." Read more
"...My only criticisms are minor. First, the prose gets overly dramatic at times...." Read more
"...A fresh, smooth, easily read dive into the bullshit of middle America, and while it tends to focus on what supports his theory while ignoring other..." Read more
"...Filled with half-baked reasoning and silly claims, this poorly written book might unfortunately make the idea of bullshit jobs lose legitimacy...." Read more
Customers find the book repetitive and rambling. They mention it repeats similar thoughts over and over.
"...It continues to repeat similar thoughts over and over. The book could have been reduced about one hundred pages and easily gotten its message across...." Read more
"...but it felt really repetitive...." Read more
"...The writing is a slog to get through. He repeats himself endlessly, and has a way of writing that feels like a student padding an essay...." Read more
"...Intriguing and relevant topic, but it becomes a bit repetitive and boring. "Yeah, I get it," I thought a number of times...." Read more
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Is Your Job Important?
Top reviews from the United States
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- Reviewed in the United States on June 21, 2023One winter afternoon, I patiently sat baking for 15 eternal minutes in a tiny, wood-fired, hillside sauna somewhere in the Vermont woods & then plunged directly into a freezing cold , nearby brook thru a freshly chopped hole in the ice.
During the insanely fast rollercoaster sequence of limb flailing, spiking temperature gradients & spontaneous yelling that came next, I quickly realized that the old me had been summarily replaced & would never get a chance to appreciate the amazing refreshment now afforded the dripping wet & gasping eponymous substitute I had suddenly turned into !
In a kindred shocking way, David Graeber’s immensely thrilling book , ‘Bull Shit Jobs’ swiftly yanks the curtain off our clownish & brutal world of modern employment w/ a joyful combination of calibrated insight & trenchant wit that fellow conceptual artists as variously inspired as Karl Marx ( ‘Grundrisse’ ) & Grace Slick ( ‘White Rabbit‘ ) would both seriously cherish while laughing their respective asses off .
Fair warning! ‘Bull Shit Jobs’ is a transformative ‘gateway book ‘… a shaman-less ayahuasca of the human soul that unmistakably shows you exactly why most of today’s jobs mirror those “… pills that mother gives you “ ( Ibid. , ‘ White Rabbit ‘ - performed by either Grace Slick or Gillian Welch ) in that they ( you ) truly “ don’t do anything at all ! “
-J.Joslin ( @ Detroit near Canada…)
- Reviewed in the United States on August 31, 2022When I first started reading this book, I was fully on board. I've always had a chip on my shoulder for useful work that ends up underpaid vs bullshit work with security and better wages. I remained on board throughout the book, but there are enough gaps and molding to fit the theory to encourage you to delve deeper. And the author seems to recommend it.
Graeber has studied and written about many subjects that seem to slip past our collective consciousness, and I wish his wit and intelligence were still around to continue that.
A fresh, smooth, easily read dive into the bullshit of middle America, and while it tends to focus on what supports his theory while ignoring other topics, still rings true and opens up a new mindset.
- Reviewed in the United States on July 2, 2019This book originated in an article on the phenomenon of meaningless (but proliferating) jobs. Hundreds of thousands of individuals responded to it and their comments were utilized to fashion a taxonomy of what the author terms ‘bullshit’ jobs. For example: 'duct-tape jobs' in which individuals patch together things already available; 'box ticking jobs' in which people are employed to respond to a claimed but fatuous need. The book is fascinating in its anecdotes and examples. These satisfy the terms for success which the author establishes: "The main point of this book was not to propose concrete policy prescriptions, but to start us thinking and arguing about what a genuine free society might actually be like" (p. 285).
Thinking about what a genuinely free society might be like is a worthy task, one that might well occupy the time of a trapped paper pusher preparing reports that no one will read or ticking boxes on forms that will be audited by reviewers who will then forward them to supervisors who will file them in drawers that no one will ever open again. The author gives several examples of individuals who spend their days avoiding work that strikes them as worthless and devoting their hours to more wholesome and useful tasks.
The very real problem is that these largely meaningless jobs are an omnipresent (and growing) phenomenon and solving the problems they create is a significant desideratum. For example, in universities the number of non-teaching staff has increased by 240% over the last few years. These people contribute very little to the overall effort. If they disappeared the money saved could be used to lower tuition (a true problem) or to hire individuals to teach freshman composition (a real need). Many were hired to palliate university constituencies which senior administrators want to silence or keep at arm's length.
While this is interesting to 'think about' it is even more compelling as a problem requiring a solution. The solution: hiring senior administrators with the fortitude to confront aggrieved constituencies and inform them that the purpose of the university is to teach and do research, not create comfort zones. This requires trustees who share the goal of focusing on central functions rather than peripheral ones. The problem grows because these deanlings, deanlets and assistant deputy vice provosts are careerists who seek advancement. Advancement is achieved through the creation of 'programs'; these programs require additional staff, assistants to the additional staff, work space, heat/light/air conditioning and so on. There is no incentive to do anything but proliferate. Solution: hire senior administrators who only solve real problems and recruit underlings with the charge that they are to save money, not spend more, and solve problems, not create new ones by forcing the reallocation of funds from central functions to (their) peripheral ones.
The author's perspective is both helpful and challenging. He is a self-professed anarchist. The good thing is that he is skeptical of both large governments and large corporations. The bad thing is that he is skeptical of 'policy' changes; his preference is to find grassroots movements that might be singled out and encouraged. This gives him a unique perspective; he criticizes both the left and the right. Bravo. However, he is unable to suggest solutions to the horrific problem which he has identified. For example, within universities one of the most frequently-recommended solutions (most recently articulated by Richard Vedder) to bureaucratic proliferation, the politicization of student support staff, grade inflation, the gutting of core curricula, and other problems is the closing of all colleges of education. That will require a battle plan and an actual battle, not just the thinking about an ideal world.
He offers two major metaphors for our current condition. The first is a neo-feudalization of society in which a hierarchical system of dependency is created within workspaces, one that can ultimately be seen as a morbid desire to control. I think this is imprecise, because there was a reciprocal relationship within feudalism in which the lord would protect his serfs by ceding land to them and by risking his life for them in battle. That is different than having a martinet or power-tripping boss who brutalizes subordinates in order to salve his or her own ego.
Another metaphor or, better, point of analysis, is far more interesting. He suggests that we are seeing the ethos of 'finance' extending to all aspects of human work. In other words, instead of having an individual capitalist invest his own money in a business, hiring workers, selling products, and so on, we have (for example) complex organizations created by large company takeovers. A film studio, e.g., once run by an entrepreneur who knew the entertainment industry, loved movies, hired his writing crew and his acting crew, etc. and greenlighted pictures by himself or with one other individual is now taken over by some other large, non-filmmaking organization. Instead of a 'clean' and orderly operation the company is suddenly infested with individuals who want to personally capitalize on a viable operation, rent-seek for themselves within that operation and, often, create ways for making money that are tangential to the original organization. For example, car makers do not make money selling cars; they make money on car loans with high interest rates or infinitely-complex 'insurance deals' that customers succumb to as a result of obfuscation or duplicity.
Another way to think about it: I grew up in Cincinnati where there was a great proliferation of Savings and Loans. The notion was that the community pooled its savings and money was then lent to fellow citizens so that they could own homes. The loans were at, let us say, 7%; the investors/savers received 3-4% on their money and the savings and loan took the 3-4% as their profit. Clean. Simple. Compare that with a world in which money is made by selling unintelligible financial derivatives. This is 'capitalism' but it is a betrayal of 'purer' and 'cleaner' forms of capitalism. It is the case, e.g., that business schools are contemptuous of 'manufacturing' as an academic track (if they consider it at all) and tend to privilege 'finance' as their key area. 'Finance' is the top field at the nation's top business school. I think Professor Graeber is onto something here; certainly the modern university has been despoiled by a vast and growing school of lampreys who drain its resources and divert it from its original, central purposes.
One last caveat. Professor Graeber tends to make easy generalizations that are highly questionable. For example, in defending the notion of a guaranteed basic income, he writes, "Most people would prefer not to spend their days sitting around watching TV and the handful who really are inclined to be total parasites are not going to be a significant burden on society, since the total amount of work required to maintain people in comfort and security is not that formidable. The compulsive workaholics who insist on doing far more than they really have to would more than compensate for the occasional slackers" (p. 281) Say what? He needs to have a look at the patterns of behavior of contemporary college students enumerated by Professors Arum and Roksa in their book ACADEMICALLY ADRIFT. “Socializing” has displaced “studying.”
Bottom line: the book is very thought-provoking (which is its purpose) but the subject is so important that we need to hear more.
Top reviews from other countries
- SamanthaReviewed in Canada on August 30, 2024
5.0 out of 5 stars Better than the title suggests
Was hesitant - the title made me think it would be 300 pages of people complaining. Instead it is a thoughtful look at the social value of different jobs and how we need to rethink the value of work.
-
AmarcordReviewed in the Netherlands on November 7, 2024
5.0 out of 5 stars Erg goed
Bijzonder goede analyse van een van de vele manieren waarop het kapitalisme ons en onze samenleving te gronde richt. Valt geen speld tussen te krijgen. Uitstekend geschreven ook.
-
AndréReviewed in Sweden on March 21, 2023
4.0 out of 5 stars En mycket tänkvärd bok med en träffande titel.
Rekommenderas. Till skillnad från olika managementböcker beskriver den det grundläggande faktum att flera av de akademiska yrken vi tror är betydelsefulla, i själva verket inte betyder någonting alls.
- SukhadaReviewed in India on March 4, 2023
5.0 out of 5 stars Illuminating and thought provoking
I wholeheartedly recommend this book to everybody. Especially those who feel constant need to justify their job and hard work.
- Olly RyderReviewed in the United Kingdom on June 20, 2022
5.0 out of 5 stars Vindicating, insightful and funny
One of the most insightful and liberating books I've ever read. Graeber unrolls a convincing and substantial critique of the dire state of employment, and our modern conceptions of work. I only wish I'd read it sooner.
Ignore the reviews saying the book is just a rehash of his 2013 essay or that it doesn't really go anywhere. They must not have gotten very far, as the book spends about 2 chapters on classifying BS jobs and the rest on a deep dive into the effects of pointless employment, the political and cultural reasons that it might exist, and the way that "jobs for the sake of jobs" damages us. It then takes us on a whistle-stop tour of the history of managerialism, the roots of "the protestant work ethic" and how it informs some of the ideas that proliferate this type of employment. It ends on what might be done about the situation. It interrogates directly some of the unspoken assumptions about work and human nature itself we've been socialised to accept at face value.
There are also other reviews complaining the book doesn't back everything up with numbers, a sadly common complaint in a world where political and rhetorical literacy is dead. Despite the fact the book does actually use quite a few graphs and figures to inform its argument, its main strength is of course the rigourous qualitative analysis Graeber engages in, as should be expected in a book about human social structures and organizations. How do you come up with a number to show how many people don't actually need to be employed? (Beyond asking them of course, as the book does.)
The book was also just a joy to read. Graeber's work is never dry, he really channels his animated way of speaking and thinking into the text.
Read this book if you've ever felt like something is wrong with your job, or the modern workplace. In fact, read it even if you don't. You'll learn a lot either way.